12/30/2023 0 Comments Auditory illusions in songsWhen sufficient amounts of priming (akin to spreading activation in other models) accumulates a node is activated, which brings the information represented by that node to conscious awareness. NST is a model of language production and perception that contains “detectors” or nodes representing different types of information ( e. Recent work suggests that the mechanisms-priming, activation and satiation-found in the language processing model, Node Structure Theory (NST), may account for the Speech-to-Song Illusion. Further, brain regions associated with speech and music perception exhibited activation when participants perceived the illusion, attesting to the robustness of this auditory illusion. ![]() Subsequent studies observed the illusion in languages other than English ( e. Importantly, the phrase is not altered during the multiple presentations it is still spoken, only the percept changes. After several presentations of the phrase, many listeners report that the phrase appears to be sung, rather than spoken. The Speech-to-Song Illusion is an auditory illusion that occurs when a spoken phrase is presented repeatedly to the listener. Although illusions provide the general public (and zoo animals ) with entertainment, perceptual illusions also provide psychologists with a way to examine the limits of our perceptual and cognitive systems, thereby increasing our fundamental understanding of these systems. Perceptual illusions occur when our percept does not match what is actually in the environment. The results of these studies suggest that the illusion is experienced with similar frequency and strength, and after the same number of repetitions by adult listeners regardless of age. Then, they were asked to indicate if they experienced the illusion or not (Study 1), to respond using a 5-point song-likeness rating scale (Study 2), or to indicate when the percept changed from speech to song (Study 3). Adults of a wide range of ages heard a stimulus known to evoke the Speech-to-Song Illusion. Based on the mechanism in NST used to account for the age-related increase in the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, we predicted that older adults may be less likely to experience the Speech-to-Song Illusion than younger adults. NST also accounts for other language-related phenomena, including increased experiences in older adults of the tip-of-the-tongue state (where you know a word, but can’t retrieve it). Previous work indicates that the mechanisms-priming, activation, and satiation-found in the language processing model, Node Structure Theory (NST), may account for the Speech-to-Song Illusion. After several presentations, listeners report that the phrase seems to be sung rather than spoken. ![]() “In his 1925 opera Wozzeck, Berg employed a continuously rising scale that was orchestrated in such a way that the upper instruments faded out at the top of their range while the lower instruments faded in at the low end.The Speech-to-Song Illusion is an auditory illusion that occurs when a spoken phrase is repeatedly presented. ![]() Passage from Alban Berg’s 1925 opera Wozzeck (from Leonard Bernstein’s The Infinite Variety of Music) In the score we can see that only one octave is used in the scale, but when we listen to the music we can hear the illusion that the notes seem to continue above an octave. 6 in B Minor (Pathetique), we can hear an example of the shepard’s tone illusion before it was recognized as such. In this musical excerpt from Tchaikovsky’s Symphony No. Tchaikovsky passage: (from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire) It can create a sense of rising excitement and energy in the music, but can also create an eerie and unsettling tone. There are many examples of the shepard’s tone used in musical compositions before it was even discovered or named.
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